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How do you plan and conduct IVD performance studies that support the clinical evidence required under the IVDR?

We plan, support, and document performance studies for in vitro diagnostics under the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (EU) 2017/746, from scientific validity through analytical performance to clinical performance. The leverage is not in the individual study but in the sequence: only once the performance evaluation plan under Annex XIII interlocks the three evidence pillars do the studies generate data that support the technical documentation. If analytical performance is only sharpened up after the clinical study has started, that study runs on a basis that can still collapse, and it has to be repeated.

  • IVD
  • MedTech

Overview

What performance evidence does the IVDR require?

Performance evidence across all three pillars · IVDR (EU 2017/746), ISO 13485:2016, ISO 14971:2019, EN ISO 20916

Last updated: 2026-06-13

The In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (EU) 2017/746 replaced the IVD Directive 98/79/EC and placed the clinical evidence for in vitro diagnostics on its own dedicated structure. The clinical evidence under Art. 56 rests on three pillars, each of which has to be demonstrated in its own right and brought together in the performance evaluation plan under Annex XIII:

  • Scientific validity: evidence that the measured analyte is associated with the clinical condition or physiological state. It is the foundation of every further performance claim under Art. 56 and Annex XIII.
  • Analytical performance: evidence that the IVD correctly detects or measures the analyte, including trueness, precision, analytical sensitivity and specificity, and measuring range in line with the requirements of Annex I and Annex XIII.
  • Clinical performance: evidence that the result correlates with the clinical condition, that is, diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, often through clinical performance studies that follow EN ISO 20916 when specimens from human subjects are used.
  • Classification of the device under the classification rules in Annex VIII (classes A to D): it determines the extent of the evidence required and whether a notified body has to be involved.
  • Interlocking with the technical documentation and the post-market performance follow-up under Annex XIII: under the IVDR, the performance evidence is not a one-off document but is updated throughout the lifecycle.

Services

How we support you

Performance evaluation plan & study strategy

Preparation of the performance evaluation plan under Annex XIII, defining the evidence needed per pillar and a study roadmap that links scientific validity, analytical performance, and clinical performance in the correct sequence.

Analytical performance studies

Planning and analysis of analytical performance studies covering parameters such as trueness, precision, analytical sensitivity and specificity, measuring range, and stability, with documented linkage to the acceptance criteria from Annex I.

Clinical performance studies

Study design, protocol, and oversight of clinical performance studies under Annex XIII and EN ISO 20916, including justification of the sample size and the choice of comparator method, with an analyzable study report.

Study documentation & technical documentation

Consolidation of the study results into the Performance Evaluation Report and integration into the technical documentation, so that every performance claim is supported by concrete evidence.

Summary of Safety and Performance (SSP)

Preparation of the Summary of Safety and Performance under Art. 29 for class C and D devices, derived from the performance evaluation and the study results.

Learn more

Post-Market Performance Follow-up (PMPF)

PMPF plan under Annex XIII to keep the clinical evidence current after market launch, linked to post-market surveillance and risk management under ISO 14971:2019.

What it comes down to

The clinical evidence under the In Vitro Diagnostic Regulation (EU) 2017/746 does not emerge from a single study but from the interplay of three pillars that have to be demonstrated under Art. 56: scientific validity links the analyte to the clinical condition, analytical performance shows that the test measures correctly, and clinical performance shows that the result correlates with the clinical condition. This sequence is not arbitrary: if the clinical performance study is started before analytical performance has been demonstrated against the acceptance criteria from Annex I, it runs on a basis that can still collapse. The performance evaluation plan under Annex XIII is therefore the document that pulls the bottleneck forward: it defines which pillar has to be demonstrated, when, and against which acceptance criteria.

This is exactly where we come in: we build the performance evaluation plan so that analytical performance and the sample-size justification are in place before the costly clinical performance study under EN ISO 20916 begins. The results feed into the Performance Evaluation Report and the technical documentation, so that every performance claim is supported by concrete evidence. The post-market performance follow-up under Annex XIII keeps that evidence current after market launch and ties it to post-market surveillance and risk management under ISO 14971:2019. In this way the clinical evidence stays robust throughout the lifecycle instead of aging along with the certificate.

Our approach

Our approach

01

Classification & evidence needs

Confirmed class under Annex VIII and the evidence needs derived per pillar as the basis for the scope and depth of the studies.

02

Performance evaluation plan

Performance evaluation plan under Annex XIII with a study roadmap and acceptance criteria defined per parameter.

03

Analytical performance

Completed analytical performance studies with results documented against the acceptance criteria from Annex I.

04

Clinical performance

Clinical performance study conducted under EN ISO 20916 with a justified sample size and an analyzable study report.

05

Performance Evaluation Report

Consolidated Performance Evaluation Report that brings the three pillars together and is integrated into the technical documentation.

06

PMPF & ongoing update

PMPF plan under Annex XIII in operation, connected to post-market surveillance and risk management.

Common pitfalls

Where projects commonly fail

Analytical performance is only finalized after the clinical performance study has started.

If it turns out that precision or analytical specificity do not meet the acceptance criteria from Annex I, the clinical study has run on an unstable basis and has to be repeated. This is the most expensive avoidable mistake in the sequence.

Scientific validity is assumed rather than demonstrated.

Without documented evidence that the analyte is associated with the clinical condition, the foundation required under Art. 56, on which analytical and clinical performance become meaningful in the first place, is missing.

The sample size of the clinical performance study is set without a sound statistical justification.

A cohort chosen too small yields no reliable values for diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and leads to findings from the notified body during the assessment under Annex XIII.

EN ISO 20916 is overlooked when clinical performance studies are conducted using specimens from human subjects.

If its requirements for planning, conduct, and documentation are not taken into account from the outset, the data collected are formally challengeable even when they would be usable on the merits.

The post-market performance follow-up under Annex XIII is treated as a closing document.

Under the IVDR, the clinical evidence has to be kept current throughout the lifecycle; without linking the PMPF to post-market surveillance and risk management under ISO 14971:2019, a gap arises that is flagged during the surveillance audit.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

In vitro diagnostics fall under the IVDR (EU 2017/746), not the MDR (EU 2017/745). The clinical evidence under Art. 56 rests on three pillars, namely scientific validity, analytical performance, and clinical performance, whereas the MDR structures the clinical evaluation differently. IVD performance studies address whether a test measures correctly and whether the result correlates with the clinical condition.

Sources
  • Regulation (EU) 2017/746 (IVDR), primary text, Art. 29, 56, Annexes I, VIII, XIII
  • EN ISO 20916, clinical performance studies using specimens from human subjects, good study practice
  • ISO 13485:2016, quality management systems for medical devices
  • ISO 14971:2019, application of risk management to medical devices
  • https://theentourage.de/clinical-medical-affairs/ivd-performance-studies/ (existing page content, revised)

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Regulations & standards considered

  • EU 2017/746 (IVDR)
  • IVDR Annex I (General Safety and Performance Requirements, GSPR)
  • IVDR Annex VIII (classification rules, classes A-D)
  • IVDR Annex XIII (performance evaluation, performance studies & post-market performance follow-up)
  • IVDR Art. 56 (performance evaluation and clinical evidence)
  • IVDR Art. 29 (Summary of Safety and Performance, classes C and D)
  • ISO 13485:2016 (QM system)
  • ISO 14971:2019 (risk management)
  • EN ISO 20916 (clinical performance studies using specimens from human subjects)

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